Carlo Catani
This blog is a tribute to Engineer, Carlo Catani (1852 -1918) Carlo worked for the Public Works Department of Victoria. His projects included draining the Koo Wee Rup and Moe Swamps, flood mitigation works on the Yarra River and the reclamation of the St Kilda foreshore. The gardens he designed at the end of Fitzroy Street were named after him as was the Catani arch bridge on the St Kilda foreshore. This blog covers Catani's professional and personal life. Heather Arnold
Saturday, November 2, 2024
Harry Abbott, Public Works Department Overseer
Saturday, October 5, 2024
Carlo and the Fisken Street Bridge at Bacchus Marsh
M'Grath's property, where a vertical face of about 18ft. deep of rich but loose alluvial soil for the eight chains north of the site of the proposed bridge now exists. This vertical face, unless some effective protection is devised, at once, is certain to suffer more damage with the next flood. In the event of the Council deciding to erect a bridge in this locality there would be no advantage, in my opinion, of departing from the line of the road. A suitable bridge, in timber, meeting all requirements, could be built for £800. It would be wise, before the Shire undertook this work to obtain a complete indemnity from
Mr. M'Grath, and an undertaking that he would protect his frontage with timber and plantations to the satisfaction of the Council. Unless this is done, in a large flood the river might scour a new channel behind the north abutment of the proposed bridge; as it may be open to Mr. M'Grath to plead that the obstruction created by the bridge is the cause of the damage that his land is certain to suffer in the event of a heavy flood taking place. Signed, C. CATANI. (2)
In July, 1907, the Bacchus Marsh Shire Council received a report from Mr. C. Catani, Government Engineer, respecting the Fisken street bridge, and its consideration was postponed. It has never been touched since. Now that the east end of the town is reviving, and irrigation water may get there next year, the Shire Council should have Mr. Catani's report brought on gain. He advised that "a suitable bridge, in timber, meeting all requirements, could be built, on the site of the present road, for £800, and there would be no advantage in departing from that site, but as Mr. M'Grath's vertical bank, 18ft. deep, immediately above the bridge site, on its northern side, is certain to suffer unless some effective protection is devised, at once, he should carry out that work with timber and plantations, and indemnify the Council from any claim for damages." Both the bridge and the bank protection have been too long delayed. Now is the time to consider both. (3)
Friday, June 14, 2024
The Health of Carlo
I wondered who the Doctor was who signed Carlo's death certificate when he died at the age of 66 at his Blessington Street home, on July 20, 1918. As the Prahran Telegraph reported -
Monday, April 29, 2024
Carlo recommends the planting of Willow trees
The use of willow trees to stop erosion and to add beauty to the river banks was well established in Victoria by the 1850s (1)
During the 1890s this practice was promoted by Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, botanist and the director of the Melbourne Botanical Garden; the Department of Agriculture; William Davidson, Inspector General of Public Works, and Carlo Catani. This post looks at some examples of Carlo's recommendation of the use of the willow tree.
Snowy RiverThis report of the Tambo Shire Council meeting from August 1891 relates to the Snowy River and Baron von Mueller's advice -
From Baron Ferd. von Mueller - Forwarding copy of his work on select plants for industrial culture, with a view to guiding the Council in selecting willows, etc., for the protection of the river banks; also enclosing seeds of American pines. - Received.
From the Department of Agriculture - That sufficient for 1000 cuttings of the golden basket willow had been forwarded to the Council. - The engineer to distribute same to the best advantage. (2)
Sale Canal
In 1896, Mr Davidson gave this advice regarding the Sale Canal (4) - As to the erosion of the banks he suggested the planting of blackberry bushes, which would grow quickly, and would hold the ground together just as well as willows or other plants more difficult to cultivate. (5)
Mr. Ambrose was present and stated he believed he could make a good job of it. He wanted some good thick willows. - To be obtained. (6)
In January 1913 - The Sale Town Clerk reported verbally the results of interviews he had with various departments when on leave in Melbourne. Mr. Catani was pleased to learn that the willows were succeeding along the canal banks and said the sheet piling work would be attended to before long. (7)
In April 1914 a report from the Sale Council meeting - From Public Works Department, stating that council could make its own arrangements as to person employed to plant willows on banks of canal. - Received.As Mr. Catani desired the canal reserve works to be made official, a letter was sent by Mr. Holt in regard to the willow planting. The most favourable time to plant willows is, unfortunately, during the months of of May, June, and July, when the waters in the canal are usually too high for the best results - a seeming contradiction that the council will readily understand. (8)
In January 1926 we learn more of Carlo's willows and the esteem in which he was held -
Recently the Sale Advancement League arranged with the Town Council for provision to be made for tourists of a camping ground on the reserve at the rowing sheds. The league erected open fire places and provided water and sanitary conveniences. At the recent council meeting the Mayor (Cr. T. M. Cullinan) reported that some tourists had been chopping the willow trees that were growing on the river banks in the reserve, which, he said, was a scandalous thing. It was on the suggestion of the late Mr. Catani that the willow trees and couch grass were planted on the river bank to prevent erosion. For sentimental reasons the vandalism was to be deplored for Mr. Catani was the greatest man the Public Works department ever had. It had been demonstrated that erosion of river banks could be combated. He was sorry that anyone could commit such an act of vandalism. The Advancement League undertook to supervise the reserve, and he hoped they would do so. A further inspection made of the locality has revealed the fact that the trees referred to had died months ago through having been too severely cut back at the wrong season of the year. (9)
Avon River
In 1898 - Mr Catani, one of the chief engineers from the Public Work's Department, visited Stratford on the 11th December, and made a thorough inspection with me of the Avon River bridge at Stratford, and the flood damage done to the banks of the river, etc. Mr Catani recommends willow planting, to commence at a point opposite Mr O'Connor's western boundary. (10)
In 1902 - On the recommendation of Mr. Catani, of the Public Works department, 400 cuttings of white willow have been forwarded to the Avon Council by the curator of the Botanical gardens and have been planted, under the supervision of Mr. A. L. Johnson, shire engineer, in the soft banks of the Avon River, near the town in the belief that they will bind the sandy soil together, and so arrest the erosion of the banks, which occurs after every flood. (11)
In 1914 - The steel piling at Stratford was inspected by Mr Catani. He strongly advocates the continuous planting of the white willow (salix alba) and the trial of bags of wire netting filled with heavy stones. A proposal to construct a groyne to support the weak bulge at the north end of the high street piling and divert the stream was made by Mr Catani. (12)
Goulburn RiverIn 1902 - Tatura - Mr. Catani, of the Public Works department, strongly recommends the planting of white willows along the levee embankment of the Goulburn, as it would protect the banks, and other good results will follow. (13)
Creswick Creek, Clunes
In 1916, from the Clunes Borough Council, the Shire Engineer reported on flood damage to the Creswick Creek - Since your last meeting I proceeded to Melbourne, in accordance with your instructions, chiefly to ascertain if the Public Works department would agree to have the plans, etc., for the creek damage repairs so altered as to allow of substituting concrete for the proposed sheet piling on this side of the creek, and breakwaters of rough rock on the frontage of Victoria Park instead of the sheet piling proposed there. With the kind assistance of your member (Sir A. J. Peacock) I was enable to discuss fully with the Under-Secretary (Mr Drake) and Mr Engineer Catani the necessity for the alteration above mentioned, and found that this was readily agreed to, with the recommendation from Mr Catani that basket willows should be extensively planted along all parts of the banks where erosion is threatening. This, in any case, I meant to urge upon you when the planting season was about to open, as willow roots are admitted to be amongst the very best means of protection in the banks of a watercourse. (14)
In 1916 - In connection with the recent deputation from the Borough of Stawell, Shire of Stawell, and Shire of Ararat to the Minister of Public Works, regarding assistance to repair the damage done to Delly's [Delley's] Bridge, Hall's Gap, by the recent floods, a letter was received by the Shire of Ararat, at its meeting held last week, from the Department of Public Works. The letter was as follows:-"With reference to representations made to the Minister of Public Works by the Hon. J. D. Brown, M.L.C., in regard to the above matter, I am directed to inform you that, as promised, the chief Engineer of Public Works made an inspection on 28th ult. in company with councillors of the riding, the shire and borough of Stawell, and their own engineer and borough overseer. Mr. Catani has now furnished a report in connection with his inspection, and suggests that the following works be carried out......5. The west bank on both sides of the bridge 5 chains north and 10 chains south of new abutment to be planted with osier willows on the water's edge, and 10ft. to 15ft. into the river bed, and white willows immediately behind, so as to protect the bank from erosion. The new plantation to be protected in its turn at intervals with dry stone, fascine and stone walls, and with wire netting to guard the new plantation from rabbits. (15)
Yarra River
Trove List - I have created a short list of articles on Carlo Catani and his promotion of the Willow tree, access it here.
Footnotes
(1) The Argus, January 12, 1859, see here; The Argus, January 26, 1859, see here.
(2) Snowy River Mail, August 22, 1891, see here.
(3) Snowy River Mail, August 1, 1891, see here.
(4) Sale Canal - I have written about this here https://carlocatani.blogspot.com/2019/01/carlo-and-sale-canal.html
(5) Gippsland Times, January 13, 1896, see here.
(6) Gippsland Times, May 9, 1912, see here.
(7) Gippsland Times, January 23, 1913, see here.
(8) Gippsland Mercury, April 10, 1914, see here.
(9) Bairnsdale Advertiser, January 29, 1926, see here.
(10) Gippsland Times, January 13, 1898, see here.
Wednesday, April 24, 2024
Fairfield Park - a beautiful breathing place
Fairfield Park. Opened by the Minister of Agriculture
Saturday last will long be remembered as a gala day in the history of Fairfield, as it marked the official opening of Fairfield Park. With marked natural characteristics of contour and situation and the Yarra, in one of its most beautiful stretches, bordering its southern and eastern boundaries, this park is destined to become one of the beauty spots of the metropolis. Fairfield has been fortunate in securing a recreation reserve of such natural advantages and future possibilities of beautification. Citizens, council and recreation reserve committee are to be congratulated on the happy result of their efforts. Future citizens will appreciate the foresight and persistency exhibited by them in securing a beautiful breathing place where all may resort and, freed from the comparatively narrow and cramped surroundings of their home or the sordid and harassing cares of business, may breathe in the pure air of Heaven, be inspired by the beautiful works of nature, may lift heart and mind to the contemplation of broad and noble issues of life.
With pennants and banners flying, many of, which were trophies that signalised the progress and achievements of the local sporting clubs, and the Heidelberg District Band, under Bandmaster Saville, discoursing sweet music, the Minister of Agriculture, the Hon. W. Hutchinson, accompanied by Messrs. F. Anstey, M.H.R., W. J. Evans, M.L.C., J.G. Membrey, M.L.A., and Catani, Chief Engineer of Public Works Department, arrived, and were welcomed by Cr. Ball, President of the Shire, and fellow councillors and members of the reserve committee. The path leading from the entrance to the speakers' stand was lined by the 53rd battalion senior cadets, under the command of Captain Clappison and Lieuts. Farrer and Lee, the Ivanhoe and District Scouts, under Scout masters Wilson, Biggs, and Groves, and the Fairfield Ambulance Corps. On the grounds were about 2500 people, among whom were several hundreds of children who headed by the above named contingents, had marched from the district school under Headmaster McLean.
In the case of the cities that had grown up since, on the outskirts of the metropolis, there was a lamentable lack of such recreation reserves, and probably not more than 10 per cent of the area was available as breathing areas for the people. He further congratulated them on having obtained a loan of £1000 towards the beautification of their valuable park. Man's existence had begun in a garden, and he hoped that the future of the race would be in gardens, where angels walked and seraphs were the guardians. Having formally declared the gardens opened, Mr. Hutchinson planted the first tree, and was presented by Cr. Stone with a gold medal, struck in commemoration, as a memento of the occasion.
Trees were also planted by Messrs. Membrey, Anstey, Evans, Catani, Mrs. Ball and the presidents of the various athletic societies, and other well-known residents, among whom we may mention Mr. Bentley, the oldest resident in the district. Calisthenic displays were afterwards admirably given by the Fairfield school children, under Mr. McLean, head teacher. Mr. F. J. Crabb and the reserve committee are to be specially complimented upon the happy results of their labors. (3)
The children of Fairfield should have long remembered this significant occasion as on the day they were presented with a commemorative medallion by the Shire of Heidelberg (4). I wonder how many medallions still exist?
Sunday, March 24, 2024
Carlo renders invaluable service during the Yarroweyah flood
Carlo back in Yarroweyah in 1906
Yarroweyah was impacted by floods the following year as well and once again Carlo was on the spot and rescued Mrs Hart and her three children from their property at Koonoomoo, just north of Yarroweyah, and you can read about the rescue, here.
Yarroweyah, Tuesday - The river has risen, so high as to completely flow over the levee in all directions. The settlers on the reclaimed land had a trying time all day removing their families to dry land. Mr. Catani, of the Public Works department, arrived here today, and found it impossible to attempt to do anything to the levee, as the river is still rising, and the Strathmerton railway and the raised road obstruct the waterway. Thousands of acres of crops are now lost, besides pigs, fowls and calves that were left behind. The residents on dry land have thrown their homes open for those whose houses have been flooded. (The Age, October 10, 1906, see here)
Railway Washed away.
Damage at Yarroweyah
Yarroweyah, Thursday - The river is still pouring through the levee on to the reclaimed area, but the Strathmerton to Tocumwal railway, which offered an obstruction to the course of the water, has been washed away. Mr Cope, whose property adjoins the Mywee station, has been flooded out. The greater part of the ground sold by the Government as reclaimed, at prices varying up to £3/15/ per acre, is under water. Some six months ago a public meeting carried a resolution asking the Premier (Mr Bent) to cause an independent inquiry into the Murray levee and it's surroundings, but nothing was done. The so called reclaimed land is now under water. The purchasers have put their all in improvements, depending on their harvest, which has been swept away. The Premier will probably be asked to reduce the price charged against the ground, or make the levee sufficiently strong to prevent a recurrence of the floods. Mr. Catani has returned to Melbourne, leaving Mr. Kermode in charge of the relief works. (The Argus, October 12, 1906, see here)