Red Rock Reserve, Colac

On Saturday, April 13 1912 Mr. W. H. Edgar, Minister of Public Works, and Mr. Catani, Engineer for Public Works, accompanied by the secretary of the Colac Progress Association, visited the volcanic lakes at Red Rock, on Mr. R. S. Murray's Wool Wool Estate. It has been proposed to have this part of the property reserved as a public park, and the party was invited to visit it, so as to be informed on the subject, at first hand, should the matter come before Parliament. The visitors were much impressed with the great natural beauty of the spot. (The Age April 15, 1912)

A year later in May 1913, Carlo was back in the Colac region. Carlo accompanied by the Colac Shire President, Cr Dunoon and the Shire Engineer, Mr Neylan, amongst others.Their mission was to mark off a block of land on the grass-covered elevation overlooking the Corangamite Lake, and to have it reserved as a public pleasure ground. The site of a really magnificent picnic area was inspected from a vantage point known as Red Rock plateau. The future holiday makers of the Western district will overlook a sweep of lake and timber and pastoral country such as is not to be met with elsewhere in Victoria, if in Australia. This morning, when Mr. Catani and the others made the ascent, a
wonderful vista of sun and shadow and cloud effect was playing over the wide-extending waters of Corangamite; over the five or six basin lakes below; over the dazzling green of the islands in the distance, and over the far-sweeping, darkly outlined contour of the Otway Forest against the horizon.   (The Age, May 8, 1913)

This painting shows the view towards Lake Corangamite, from the rocky outcrop known as Red Rock, near Colac. It was formerly attributed to Nicholas Chevalier on the basis of its supposed resemblance to other work by him. Dated 1862/63.

Caption and image from State Library of Victoria - Image H11609

The Red Rock plateau was part of the Wool Wool Estate, owned by Robert Stuart Murray. The Wool Wool Estate was taken up by Andrew Murray in 1838 - the book Pastoral Pioneers of Port Phillip*, described it as 8,000 acres on the eastern shore of Lake Corangamite.  Robert was Andrew's son. The land seems to have been gradually sold off and Red Rock Reserve area was acquired during one of these land sales - The chance came when the Wool Wool estate was put on the market by Mr R. S. Murray, and steps were immediately taken which resulted in the necessary land being provisionally secured and pathways and roads surveyed by Mr George Cornthwaite, assisted by Mr C. H. Neylon, the Shire Engineer. An estimate was then secured in regard to the cost of the land, fencing and improvements, and as a result, Mr Johnstone [local M.L.A] visited Sir Alexander Peacock, the Acting Treasurer, to-day, and asked for a vote to enable them to secure the reserve. After hearing what Mr Edgar and Mr Catani had to say, the Minister promised a vote of £300 towards making the Red Rock a public reserve. (The Herald, June 18, 1913)

Panorama from Red Rock (Rose Series postcard)
The house is Coragulac, built in 1873 for George Pringle Robertson.

State Library of Victoria  Image H32492/2674

The Reserve was officially opened on December 4, 1915 by the Hon. W. Hutchinson, Minister of Lands - other officials included Hon. D. Mackinnon, M.L.A.; the Hon. John Gray, Government Whip; Mr S. Barnes, M.L.A., chairman, of the Railways Standing Committee ; Mr Allan Cameron. M.L.A.; Mr J. D. Mitchell, M.L.A.; Mr J. M. Reed, Secretary for Lands; Mr C. Catani, Chief Engineer of Public Works; and Mr A. G. Sainsbury, Chief Commissioner of Police, Mr J. G. Johnstone, M L A, plus a raft of local councillors. There were many speeches, extensively reported in the local papers. You can read the reports here and here.

The view from the 768 feet summit was described as The tract of country spread out to view was seen at its very best. From the Otway ranges in the south to the wheat-bearing plains in the north a charming variety of scenery was disclosed. The vast expanse of Lake Corangamite, the largest lake in the State, glistened beneath the sun on the one hand, while the darker waters of Lake Colac presented an imposing picture on the other. The numerous lakelets, reposing in craters at the foot of the hills, showed a wide range of tints. All around the farm lands, broken by clumps of pines, told a tale of Nature's fertility and man's industry, which greatly impressed not only those who saw the panorama for the first time, but also those, who, familiar with the scene had never viewed it under more perfect conditions. (Colac Reformer, December 7, 1915)

My favourite part of the speeches is this (also from Colac Reformer, December 7, 1915) When the people of the district climbed this modern Pisgah, they had a finer view - more beautiful, more prosperous, and more picturesque - than had Moses when he viewed the Promised Land. They had the advantage of Moses, in that he was only to see the land, whereas they had the right to possession. That was the Hon, W. Hutchinson.  The opening ended with luncheon and afternoon tea arrangements [which] were in the hands of Mrs E. E. M'Kean, and were most efficiently carried out. Mrs E.E M'Kean who catered for this glorious occasion was Edith Elizabeth M'Kean - listed in the Electoral Rolls as a confectioner. An article in the Colac Herald of May 7, 1915 said that Mrs M'Kean had been in business for herself for eight to nine years and including the time her husband was alive, for twenty five years, so she was very experienced. I wonder what was on the menu on the day?

The Red Rock, Colac (Rose Series postcard)

State Library of Victoria Image H32492/2676

When Red Rock Reserve, which is technically at Alvie, 15 kms from Colac,  was established with Carlo's assistance it was set aside largely because it offered a panoramic view of the surrounding countryside, however the region now has International significance as part of the Kanawinka Geopark. It is on the eastern edge of the park, which goes through to south east South Australia. Victorian Resources online has this to say about the significance of the area -
Red Rock is one of the most complex eruption points in the Newer Volcanics Province and includes maars, tuff rings and scoria cones with a basal lava flow from another source (probably Warrion Hill). Up to 30 eruption centres have been mapped in the area measuring 4 km by 3 km just south of the township of Alvie and there are several small eruption points just north of the township. The eruption sequence includes an initial extended phase of maar and tuff ring formation with minor intervening scoria phases when phreatomagmatic activity declined due to depletion of groundwater. There are nine entire craters up to 75 m deep, some containing lakes including Lakes Purdiguluc, Werowrap and Coragulac. Lake Purdiguluc is formed by at least five coalescing eruption points. Following the maar activity there was an extended phase of scoria eruption in the north around Lake Werowrap which buried part of the maars and tuff deposits. On the basis of a single radiocarbon assay, a date of approximately 8,000 years has been advanced for the age of the Red Rock tuff eruption.  You can read the full citation at http://vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/coranregn.nsf/pages/corangamite_eruption_points_red_rock
There is another, less scientific description, here http://otway.biz/redrock.html

*Pastoral Pioneers of Port Phillip by R.V. Billis and A.S. Kenyon (Stockland Press, 1974_

I have created a list of newspaper articles, including the ones referenced here,  from Trove and websites on the Red Rock Reserve and the Kanawinka Geopark, you can access it, here.

Thank you to my fellow Carlo researcher, Isaac, for Carlo/Red Rock connection and the information on the Kanawinka Geopark.

G.W. Cooper - Alexandra Gardens curator and gardening expert

Carlo Catani designed the Alexandra Gardens in Melbourne. G. W. Cooper quoted an acquaintance of his who had just returned from a world tour who described the Alexandra Avenue area as the finest example of city beautification he had seen in his travels. Carlo, however, cannot take all the credit for these gardens, much of it is due to his colleague, G.W. Cooper, who was the curator.

It is not surprising that George William Cooper  had a career in landscape design and floriculture - his father, also called George, was the foreman of the Melbourne Botanic Gardens. George, Junior, was the eldest child of George and Mary Ellen (nee Cox) Cooper and was born in 1880 in Prahran. George and Mary had eleven children - George, Reg, Elsie, Ada, Norman, Marion, Beryl, Dolly, Nerine, Harold and Allan. George Senior died in 1947, aged 89 and Mary died in 1933, aged 76.

The very informative death  notice of George Cooper, Senior, who passed away September 1, 1947.

The Argus September 2, 1947 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22504623

An article in Labassa Lives, published by the National Trust of Victoria in 2015, has an interesting article on George Cooper, Senior, and his career. George Senior, started his working life at Labassa (originally called Ontario) and in 1900 moved to the Botanic Gardens where he worked under William Guilfoyle. In 1909, George Senior, laid out Dame Nellie Melba's garden at Coombe Cottage, and it is thought that young George also worked there. When  George Junior, moved from his position at the Alexandra Gardens in 1917 to Sydney, his father at the age of 60 took over his position and remained there until his retirement in 1928, aged 70. (Read the full article, here)

Let's have a look at George's career (from now on, when I say George, I am referring to George Junior) The Sydney Morning Herald  of  March 6, 1930  had a short retrospective of his working life  Mr Cooper commenced work at 12 years of age and was with his father for eight years in private gardening in Melbourne. This brings us to 1900 and we then find out what George did next, as the article goes on to say that For 17 years previously he was associated with the late Mr C Catani chief engineer of the Public Works Department Melbourne in the beautification of Alexandra avenue and gardens on the southern banks of the Yarra. 

Here's another short look at George's life from The Bulletin, December 5, 1918 - He was born in Melbourne and his father and grandfather were professional gardeners. At twelve he started with the drudgery of being handy boy in training under his father. At 12, he got the job of Assistant-landscape gardener to help carry out the work which has made Alexandra Gardens and Avenue (Melbourne) so often quoted as instances as what can be achieved when Art picks up a spade. His chief, the late Carlo Catani, who taught and showed the way for 17 years, was a noted landscape gardener to whom Melbourne owes much of its decorative Melbourne lawns and shrubs. 

In my post on the Alexandra Gardens I quoted an  article from the Leader of May 4, 1912 which,  inter alia, described George as one of the best of the younger generation gardeners in Victoria. The all-important factor of enthusiasm is behind this excellent example of public gardening, and Mr.Cooper's untiring efforts receive full encouragement from another enthusiast, Mr. C. Catani.

In 1917, George finished up in Melbourne and moved to Sydney to be the Superintendent of Parks for Sydney City Council. The position attracted 54 applicants and he was the successful candidate. In fact, a journalist in The Age in a 1929 interview with George directly links his time working with Carlo to his successful application 
It is primarily to Mr. Cooper's artistry as a landscape gardener that the enchanting ensemble of flower-bordered lawns and spreading trees, that make the Alexandra-avenue and gardens one of Melbourne's most picturesque embellishments is due, and incidentally led to covetous eyes being cast on him by the civic authorities of Sydney.  (The Age February 1, 1929)

1917, the year George moved to Sydney, was also the year that Carlo Catani retired from the Public Works Department.  Carlo retired on April 28 and George resigned in the May. Were these two departures linked?  The Argus of May 17, 1917 had something to say about this double loss as they called it  - For over 16 years Mr. Cooper, though working in one positions continuously, has been kept on the temporary staff, and on that account has lost the rights to increments and holidays which permanent men enjoy. His salary has only once been raised, and that was when he was offered
a position at Port Darwin, but was tempted to stay here by an increase of £26 a year.

Since the end of last year he has had full control of Alexandra Avenue, as well as of the gardens, and for this extra duty he received an additional £26 a year, paid to him by the Alexandra Gardens Committee (not the State departments), although it rendered possible the saving of £182 a year to a foreman. For 14 years Mr. Cooper, jun., though he has proved his value as a landscape gardener, has had no increase in his salary. It is not surprising that the Sydney City Council has been able to tempt him from the beauty spot he created and loved.

Clearly, the powers to be in Melbourne did not appreciate George, however other Melburnians did and there were two letters published the next day, extolling George's virtues and criticising the bureaucracy that did not appreciate his true worth.

Letter to the Editor regarding the resignation of  G. W. Cooper.
The Argus, May 18 1917  https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/1618744?#

One of George's first projects in Sydney, in Hyde Park was planting 2,000 dahlias.  The following year he recommended the removal of a large number of Moreton Bay fig trees in the park,  and replacing them with ornamental Australian trees. Sydney felt the loss of each Moreton Bay fig tree more than the death of a Cabinet minister, but today, Sydney is congratulating itself on having discovered a gardening genius in Melbourne. (The Herald, December 29, 1921)

One of George's innovations in Sydney, that he thought Melbourne should emulate,  was the introduction of playgrounds into parks. The Sydney City Council had given particular attention to providing children's playgrounds,which it had supplied with gymnasiums,swings and sliding planes, and kindergartens which parents could leave small children for the day (The Age, January 10, 1923) The kindergarten idea seems amazingly progressive for the time and I have never heard of a slide being referred to as a 'sliding plane' 

Another idea that George was keen on was a floral clock. Sir Arthur Rickard had donated  a floral clock to Tooronga Park in Sydney, which was only the third one in the World and George thought Melbourne should have one also. There is quite a long description of this clock in The Age of February 1, 1929. The paper had conducted an interview with him and also told us that George was staying with his parents who lived in Deakin Street, St Kilda. The article had the gushy headlines - Australia's Garden City. Melbourne still unrivalled. Former Curator's Eulogy.  You can read this, here.

G. W. Cooper

Sydney Morning Herald March 6, 1930. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16631301

Back in 1911, Carlo Catani had imported 50 varieties of Japanese Iris and planted them in front of the head gardeners residence in the Alexandra Gardens.  George also had an interest in the flower as he introduced the Japanese Iris into Sydney -  The Herald of December 29, 1921 - reported Melburnians who admire yearly the Japanese iris in Alexandra gardens will regret to hear that Sydney now possesses the finest bed of iris in the Commonwealth. We have to take second place, apparently. Among Mr Cooper's Plants in Sydney is the only yellow Japanese iris outside Japan, entrusted to him by the Japanese nobleman who raised it.  

By the use of a 750 candle power electric light in the centre of the iris bed, Mr Cooper had his plants in bloom in the late winter and early spring, while the plants on the outside of the bed were just beginning to grow. The effect of the light was really that the iris flowered 12 weeks before its normal time. 

The Labassa Lives article on the George, Senior, I referred to before,  said that when he  took over his son's role at the Alexandra Gardens in 1917 this allowed him to pursue his love of  flowers, particularly his specialty in breeding new strains of Japanese Iris. In 1919, George planted 2000 of these Irises in a single bed.  Which begs the question, was the Cooper's love of the Japanese Iris inspired by Carlo or did they inspire him to import the 50 varieties in 1911?

George, had in common with Carlo, a high public profile - from around 1927 to 1930 Mr Cooper broadcast interesting talks on gardening from station 2BL, and in the first year he answered 2000 letters. (Sydney Morning Herald, March 6 1930) 

How George would spend some of a million pounds, if he was given it.

Daily Telegraph Sunday Pictorial, August 28, 1927 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/27082240

In 1927, the Daily Telegraph Sunday Pictorial asked George the following question -  What would I do with a million? Firstly, George said he would provide for his parents for the rest of their days; secondly that he  would provide the Blind Institute with a new building well outside the hurly burly of the City.  But to business. My late chief in Melbourne, the late Signor Catani, Chief Engineer of the Victorian Works Department, should have a monument erected to him. And I would pay for it out of the million, for all the hopes and ideals I have for the beautification of Sydney were really inspired by his splendid work for Melbourne. 

The immense influence of landscape gardening on the civic conscience is — I say this frankly — not realised in New South Wales as it is in Victoria. That is why I would spend another piece of my million in awarding prizes for teachers in Public schools and technical colleges who would devote some of their energy to teaching landscape gardening and the care and welfare of trees and gardens. Then a generation would soon arrive who would have a clear idea of the importance of the subject.

The rest of my million I would spend on making a beautiful drive, tree-bordered every inch of the way from Sydney to La Perouse. By that time my donor would realise that I wanted more millions. With my next million I would buy up all the foreshores of Sydney Harbor, and make a fine drive for the thousands of people who only know the beauty of their harbor from ferry-boats. With my next million I would beautify Bondi and Coogee Beaches in such a way that they outdo the St. Kilda Beach, in Mel-

bourne. All these things, of course, should have been done long ago - but it's never too late, provided the "Sunday Pictorial's" mad millionaire turns up with the cash. (Daily Telegraph Sunday Pictorial, August 28, 1927). 

In 1930, at the age of 49, George retired from the Sydney City Council to go into 'private business'. His media career continued as for a few years from 1932 he had a regular column in Smith's Weekly - the paper announced their new columnist The news that Mr. G. W. Cooper was to contribute weekly articles on gardening has been received with enthusiasm, and already his offer to help solve individual gardening problems has been accepted by a large number of readers. (Smith's Weekly, May 28 1932)

In the 1930s, George was also giving talks, exhibiting dahlias at flower shows and also acting as a judge at flower shows. In the 1940s he had a regular gardening show on Radio 2FC at 8.45 on Sunday mornings, in fact a report in the Singleton Argus of February 18, 1942 said that Mr. Cooper holds the record for continuous broadcasting for the Commission, having served at the microphone for 15 years and four months.

Up to the mid 1950s there are articles in the paper about his involvement with the Town Planning Association of New South Wales. George was quoted at length in the Sydney Morning Herald on March 20, 1952 on the subject of the proposed memorial to King George VI -
A former council parks superintendent, Mr. G. W. Cooper, said the council was building the sunken gardens as a monument to King George VI. Addressing the association, Mr. Cooper said: "The idea is a complete farce, and people from other States will laugh their heads off at it."
"Our late King deserves a better monument than that useless monstrosity," he said. "Men building the garden have struck solid shale, and the cost of the garden has jumped from £5,000 to £10,000. A rose pagoda is supposed to grow in the shale, but it will be a complete failure. Roses won't grow in that kind of setting."
"The amateur gardeners among the council aldermen are trying to run the gardens against the advice of council experts. The whole sunken garden scheme is a tragic waste of public money."

Clearly, he was unhappy with the proposal on both practical and aesthetic grounds.

We have looked at George's professional life - this is what I know about his personal life. He was married to Ellen Tirtschke on December 19, 1908. They had a son Lindsay George, born in 1911, but I don't know of any other children.  George died on September 28, 1967. I know two things about Lindsay - according to a newspaper report, he broke his leg in 1925, when he fell off his bicycle and the same report said he was employed in the Librarian's Department, City Council. The second thing I know about his was this -  Before Mr. Atkinson, S.M., at the Kogarah Police Court yesterday, George Lindsay Cooper, 25, librarian, was fined £15, in default 30 days imprisonment, for taking bets in his library shop in The Arcade, Arncliffe. An application for time to pay the fine was refused. (Illawarra Mercury, February 7, 1936) I have to say, that as a Librarian, I find that pretty funny - perhaps other Librarians could diversify into a bookmaker activities as a sideline.

Marriage announcement of  George Cooper and Ellen Tirtscheke, 

which took place December 19, 1908.
The Argus January 2, 1909 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10697965

Sources:

I have created a list of articles on Trove on G.W. Cooper and his career and the Alexandra Gardens. Access the list here. All the articles I have quoted here, are on the list. 

Labassa Lives, v.3, issue 2 2015. Cooper and son: Ontario's gardeners  National Trust of Victoria.

I believe I have the correct death  date for Mr Cooper - I  got it from - Anglican Church Diocese of Sydney; Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Baptism, Burial, Confirmation, Marriage and composite registers in the Anglican Church Diocese of Sydney Archives on Ancestry. 

Alexandra Gardens, Melbourne

Alexandra Avenue, designed by Carlo Catani,  was officially opened by the  Duke of Cornwall and York on May 17, 1901. The land adjacent to the Avenue was turned into a public park in 1904 and this park was also designed by Carlo and it was called Alexandra Gardens.  The area already a number of boat sheds for rowing clubs erected and the Army Engineers depot, which wasn't removed until 1935, so the gardens were designed behind and around these buildings.

The State Library of Victoria has a brochure from c. 1911 of a plan of the Botanic Gardens precinct gardens, including Alexandra Gardens (or Park as it was then known)

 Part of the Plan of the Botanic Gardens area showing Alexandra Park and Queen Victoria Gardens.
Botanic gardens:Photo-lithographed at the Department of Lands and Survey, Melbourne, by W.J. Butson; drawn by F.S. Hilcke, c. 1911.

State Library of Victoria - see the full plan here http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/166011

We will let a journalist from The Australasian of May 2, 1908 tell us what a delight the gardens were
One of the most, attractive sights in Melbourne just at the present time is the glorious display of flowers just across Prince's-bridge, at the entrance of the Alexandra-avenue. The roses are past their best, but the dahlias, chiefly of the cactus and decorative sections, are in their prime. Single dahlias are not appreciated by everyone, but a large yellow variety here is really a good thing. Cosmeas are in profusion; their light graceful foliage and showy blossoms contrast well with the heavier appearance of the surrounding plants. Bonfire Salvias are a blaze of dazzling scarlet S. azurea is rightly named its colour being a heavenly blue ; S. Grahami purpurata is a rosy shade of crimson. Golds and yellows are found in Rudbeckia Golden Glow and some of the dwarf Helianthuses. Cannas are a little past their prime, but Bouvardias, Lasiandras, Marguerites, and several other autumn plants ate at their best. Palms, grasses, Aralia papyrifera, Dracænas, Yuccas, and many other kinds of foliaged plants are judiciously interspersed here and there amongst the banks and beds of flowers. Signor Catani of the Public Works department deserves very great credit for the manner in which he has designed and laid out the ground. it is indeed a choice bit of landscape gardening. For many years this spot was a desolation and an eyesore; it has been converted into quite a fairy-like place, full of beautiful flowers and shrubs, rockeries, and well kept lawns, and all within a few minutes' walk of the Melbourne Town-hall. 
(Australasian May 2, 1908, see article here)

 

Princes Bridge, Melbourne.     State Library of Victoria Image H2014.1013/13

This shows some of the garden 'just across Princes Bridge', as the article above described. It is not the best photo - but I like it as it is a post card sent from Clara to Daisy - "Dear Dais - We are having a good time with my uncle, aunt and cousins. We are never home. We have  a servant coming on Saturday, so we will be able to enjoy ourselves much better. I wish you were down, from Clara"

Dais was Daisy Donaldson and the card was sent in 1905.

Even though, Carlo did deserve much credit for this dazzling array the head curator, George Cooper, deserves much credit. You can read more about George William Cooper, here. This great tribute to Mr Cooper comes from The Leader of May 4, 1912. 
The Curator, Mr G.W. Cooper; is prouder of this achievement that when he is praised for the very beautiful color displays, which are to be see at all seasons of the year in the beds and rockeries. Mr. Cooper is a son of the foreman of the Melbourne Botanic Gardens, and the results of his work, now under notice, stamp him as one of the best of the younger generation gardeners in Victoria. The all-important factor of enthusiasm is behind this excellent example of public gardening, and Mr.Cooper's untiring efforts receive full encouragement from another enthusiast, Mr. C. Catani, who as Chief Engineer of the Public Works department, is the officer responsible for the maintenance of the avenue, which ends all too abruptly at Anderson-street.

Mr G. W. Cooper in the Alexandra Gardens.

The Leader, May 4, 1912. 

http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article198130793

One area of the gardens was the Henley Lawn where spectators by the thousands lined up to watch the annual Henley-on-Yarra rowing regatta.  The lawn was laid out by Carlo and George Cooper in Autumn 1908. You can read a history of the Henley-on Yarra here, on the Australian Henley webite, http://www.australianhenley.org/history.html

Henley, before the First World War, c.1910 - 1914. Photographer: Albert Jones. This photo was taken in the Alexandra Gardens.

State Library of Victoria H2007.130/45

One of the features of the Alexandra Gardens is the Federation Star Bed, also called the Commonwealth Star bed. It was designed by Carlo and George Cooper and on July 11, 1906 was planted out with 200 roses by the  National Rose Society. The bed consisted of a six-pointed star representing the Commonwealth with interposing circular beds signifying each State. Each State was represented by a different colour rose. Read my post on the Federation Star bed, here. 

Alexandra Avenue, Melbourne.

Wonderful photo of the Federation Star Bed, dated circa 1906.

State Library of Victoria  Image H96.200/607

.............................................................................................

Sources: Melbourne's Historic Public Gardens: a management and conservation guide by Rex Swanson. City of Melbourne, 1984.
Civilising the City: a history of Melbourne's Public Gardens by Georgina Whitehead (State Library of Victoria, 1997)
I have  created  a list of newspaper articles on Trove, on the Alexandra Gardens and W.G. Cooper,  you can access the list here.

Carlo's house is removed for rail duplication

Even being the Chief Engineer of the Public Works Department could not protect Carlo's home in Elm Street in Armadale from being removed to make make for some public works - in this case the duplication of the railway line between South Yarra and Caulfield, from December 1911 to December 1915. I have written more about this project, here. 

The family had been at Glenluce, 4 Elm Grove, Armadale since at least 1899, as their last child, Enid, was born at the property. After Glenluce was removed, they moved for a very short time to Orrong Road in Elsternwick and then to Wyndham, 39 Blessington Street in St Kilda. I wonder where Glenluce ended up?

 

Birth  notice of Enid in The Argus of November 18, 1899. 

Interesting that they have the address as Toorak and not Armadale. Did the boundaries change between 1899 and 1912 or, as the property is very close to the Toorak Station (which is actually in Armadale), was the area was locally known as Toorak? Or did Carlo and Catherine think Toorak sounded posher than Armadale?

The removal of Carlo's house in Elm Grove, in May 1912.

The Australasian May 11, 1912 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article143331306

This is  the text from the article - 

CAULFIELD RAILWAY.

Since the work of duplicating the railway line between South Yarra and Caulfield was commenced there has been a good deal of speculation as to which properties would be affected. In one case two fine Queen Anne villas nestled in extensive grounds which abutted on the railway boundary have to be shorn of some of their beauties. From rose gardens and lawns in front a strip of 40ft. has been cut off, leaving the residences within a few feet of a narrow pathway, the charm and value of situation having vanished for ever. No compensation was at first offered. The owners, however, intend leaving no stone unturned to maintain what they claim to be their rights. In the majority of cases the compensation suggested would seem to be about one-third of the value set upon land by owners: in only very few instances have the ideas of both parties to the transaction coincided.

Property-owners contend, and with some reason, that the circumstances are entirely different from those where a new line of railway is being constructed, with an immense consequent improvement in values. In connection with the duplication work, it is claimed that the effect on property will be scarcely perceptible.

From Caulfield to Malvern stations no resumption will be necessary, as the line runs between the Dandenong and Normanby roads, with room for extension on both sides. (The Australasian, May 11 1912. See this article and seven other photos on Trove, here.)

Carlo shows support for women in the country

I came across this lovely quote from Carlo when I was researching his work in the town of Licola. The settlers were asking for bridges across the Macalister and Barkly Rivers.

It was not right, he added, to keep women in this back country unless they had proper road communication. The woman had to bear children. She was doctor, mother, teacher, everything, in this part of the world, and for her sake alone  it was the duty of Governments to provide roads to enable her to get in and out. She was entitled to the same rights and privileges as the ordinary civilised being. These she could not have without decent means of communication.   This is from the Weekly Times  of June 1 1912.

Carlo shows great insight into the isolated life of women in the country. In spite of Carlo's impassioned plea on behalf of the women of Licola the two bridges were slow in coming. I believe the bridge over the Macalister was put out to tender around May 1913 and it was opened by January 1915, but I don't have the exact date. The good people of Licola had to wait substantially longer for the bridge over the Barkly River - this wasn't officially opened until January 1931! The report in The Age of January 31, 1931 said that the bridge had been the subject of many years' agitation by settlers in the outback country.... Mrs Sweetapple  a resident of more than 50 years, cut the ribbon and declared the  bridge open.

The delightfully named Mrs Sweetapple was born Wilhemina Catherine Sweetapple - she was married in 1880 to Charles Henry Sweetapple, so I presume he was her cousin as they had the same surname. Charles Henry died November 24, 1918. They had twin boys Charles William and Henry (Harry) James, born 1883. Harry died in 1938 and Charles died in 1962. Wilhemina died January 18, 1939. The obituary in The Argus lists her age as 78, but she was actually born in November 1856, so she was 82.

It was fitting  that a woman opened the bridge as Mrs Sweetapple had lived at Licola since her marriage and had raised her sons there and in those days in that remote location she would have been  doctor, mother, teacher, everything, in this part of the world, to her children as Carlo so thoughtfully and eloquently stated.

I have created a short list of articles on Trove about the bridges at Licola, you can access it here. The articles provide my evidence for the date of the opening of the Macalister and Barkly bridges.

Rocky siding & Macalister River, Licola Road. N. Gippsland, c. 1913.

 Photographer: Arthur John Waugh. 

This would be the condition of the road when Carlo visited the town in 1912 and I am sure Mrs Sweetapple would have been familiar with this rocky road.

 State Library of Victoria Image H83.125/43

You can see the original image, which is '2 photographic prints on stereo cards' on the State Library of Victoria website here http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/361613