Carlo and the Point Gellibrand Pile Light

On Friday August 3, 1906 the Government steamer, the Lady Loch, sailed 12 miles down Port Phillip Bay, swung round so it was facing towards Melbourne and beneath the effulgence of a slightly obscured moon (1) the official party on board, including Carlo Catani, beheld the distinct and diamond-like beacon glittering clearly in the moonlight, leaving the backing of shore lights dull and dimmed  (2). This diamond-like beacon was the light of the newly erected Gellibrand Pile Light, which marked the reef  off Point Gellibrand, Williamstown, in Hobson's Bay. 

Other officials on the Lady Loch, included the Minister for Public Works, Ewen Cameron; the secretary of Public Works, David Martin; the inspector-general of Public Works, William Davidson;  the chief engineer of Ports and Harbours, Charles William Maclean; the Surveyor General, Joseph Martin Reed, as well as the Secretary of the Sea Pilots and members of the Marine Board. On the journey back to Port Melbourne tea was partaken of, and much admiration of the light was expressed in speeches later on, delivered by amongst others Mr. Maclean, Mr. Davidson and Carlo Catani and due credit  was given to Messrs. Davidson and Catani, under whose supervision it was constructed (3).

Location of Gellibrand Lightship, off Williamstown. This 1866 chart clearly shows the reef. The numbers are the water depth in feet.

Cropped from - Victoria-Australia, Port Phillip. Hobson Bay and River Yarra leading to Melbourne, surveyed by H.L. Cox ; assisted by Thos. Bourchier & P.H. McHugh, 1864 ; engraved by J. & C. Walker. London : Published by the Admiralty 1866. State Library of Victoria http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/114259

The reef off Port Gellibrand  was first marked by  a light in 1859, when a temporary lightship was moored there (4). It was replaced in 1860 at a cost of  £3,130, by  a new lightship built by W & G. White, Shipwrights and Boat builders of Williamstown (5).  They are called a lightship, not a lighthouse, because they are ships or other structures with a light,  moored in the water.  This creates its own  problems and there are various reports that during heavy weather, the light 'parted its moorings.' (6). 

Notification of the placement of a lightship off Gellibrand Point, in 1859.

Victoria Government Gazette June 30, 1859  http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1859/V/general/101.pdf

In 1895, it was reported that the lightship was replaced by the the circular light ship which has done service at Swan Spit in the West Channel replacing the one that has been moored off the point for many years (7). This light also had instances of breaking away from its moorings and being replaced with inadequate lights in terms of height and visiblity. For instance in March 1906 the Victorian Sea Pilots said a replacement light was too low  - only 15 feet high as opposed to the permanent light which was 38 feet above high water level and only tithe of the brilliancy of the previous beacon (8).  Added to this was that there was an increasing number of electric lights on the shore and it was sometimes hard to pick up the light amongst the shore lights (9).

It was decided in 1906 to erect a permanent fixed light to mark the reef at Point Gellibrand and this was the light that was reported to have been constructed under Carlo and William Davidson's supervision. 

In August 1906, the  Williamstown Chronicle had a good report of this new light -

An important event in connection with the shipping of the port took place last night, when the new lighthouse erected off the Point Gellibrand reef, Williamstown, was formally opened. The structure has been in course of erection for some months, and takes the place of the old Gellibrand light-ship. The contract for its erection was let to Messrs Ross, Fraser and Patience with a stipulation that it was to be completed by the end of July, so they are up to time in that respect. The new light has an altitude of 50 feet, and an illuminating capacity equal to 2,500 candle-power, and will, it is anticipated, be visible in clear weather at a distance of 12½ miles from the deck of an ordinary-sized ship. The light belongs to what is known as the "second order." It is equipped with an incandescent burner similar to the type used for lighting purposes in France, and is, it is believed, the first of its kind used in Australia. In addition to great efficiency as an illuminating agent, it is claimed that the burner is exceedingly economical, and will do all required of it in this direction at the expenditure of a few pints of petroleum per night. The new lighthouse stands on 36 piles, varying in length from 70 feet feet to 80 feet. They have been driven into the bottom of the bay, which is of a clayey nature at the spot, to a depth of nine feet, and will, it is expected, effectually resist the heavy seas which occasionally occur in Port Phillip. In the erection of the light house profitable use has been made of the old lightship, the entire upper portion of which consisting of men's quarters, tower, etc., having been used, a considerable saving in cost being thereby effected. This section has been completely renovated, all the work pertaining thereto having been carried out by the employes of the Government dock yard at Williamstown under the direction and supervision of Mr C. W. Maclean, Engineer of Ports and Harbors (10).

This is the Point Gellibrand lightship in the dry dock in 1906, before the upper portion of this structure, the living sections and the light tower, were removed to be used in the new pile light.

Point Gellibrand Lightship in dry dock, 1906.Photographer: Thomas McKenzie Hill. 

State Library of Victoria Image H2004.84/28

The Age report, from August 1906, on the new pile light had other details on the workings of the light  - A powerful ray is thrown from the lantern, produced by a petroleum incandescent burner designed under the supervision of Mr. Maclean, Engineer in Charge of Ports and Harbors, and made by Mr. Henri Galopin (11) after the French lighthouse pattern. The lenses used are dioptric. By means of clockwork the light is rendered occulting, and changes color within certain sectors from white to red. It exhibits a full glare for 15 seconds, and is then eclipsed for 3 seconds. On the principal courses of ships, from the South Channel, West Channel, Portarlington and Geelong the white light is seen for 6 seconds, then the red appears for 3 seconds, and again the white appears for 6 seconds, after which it disappears. As mariners approach the shores of the Bay on either side the light becomes entirely red (12).

Point Gellibrand Pile Light

Public Records Office of Victoria - Melbourne Harbour Trust Commissioners, 

Progress of the Port of Melbourne - Lantern Slide 82 

This wonderful postcard shows the Loongana and the Gellibrand Point Pile Light.

The Loongana was built in Scotland and arrived in Melbourne in October 1904; she operated a passenger service between Melbourne and Launceston. (13)

Image: Isaac Hermann

The Gellibrand Pile Light had a living quarters for the keeper and his family and it was continuously manned. The Taylor family, Bill and Louisa and their children. Juanita and Max, occupying the quarters from 1934 until 1951 (14). In June 1946, The Herald newspaper visited the family and wrote an article about their life on a lighthouse.

Twenty year old Juanita and 16 year old Max on the Gellibrand light.

The Herald, June 20, 1946. Photographer: Laurie Richards. More photographs here  https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/245538261

The Point Gellibrand Light Pile is shown in this photo from April 1973. 

It was a slide taken by my husband, John Arnold. He was working on the tug, the Elton Griffin at the time. Thank you to Ian Black who identified the wreck - The wreck being salvaged is the steam tug Melbourne which sank after colliding with the passenger/cargo ship Nieuw Holland in July 1972 with the loss of 5 crew. 

On  June 21, 1976 the Melbourne Trader, a 5,500 ton cargo ship in thick fog ploughed into the light after running aground. The light ended up with a 30 degree lean with the eastern side 3 metres below water. The Government already had plans to erect a new light, at a cost of $120,000. It was estimated that it would cost $500,000 to restore the historic light.  Two days after the light was hit, it was set alight by the Public Works Department as it was considered to be too dangerous for it to be dismantled manually and a shipping hazard  if it had broken up (15). The main light tower was given to the National Trust where it was displayed at the Polly Woodside Maritime Museum and in 2019 it was given to Seaworks at Williamstown (16).  

The team from the Dallas Brooks inspecting the Gellibrand Pile Light, after it was hit by the Melbourne Trader on June 1, 1976. 

The Age, June 23, 1976, from Newspapers.com on Ancestry. 

Acknowledgment

It was my fellow historian, Isaac Hermann, who alerted me to Carlo's connection to the Gellibrand light. Thank you, Isaac.

Trove list

I have created a short list of articles on Trove, on the Gellibrand Point light, access it here.

Footnotes

(1) The Age August 4, 1906, see here.

(2) The Argus, August 4, 1906, see here.

(3) The quotes and report of the Lady Loch trip come from The Age August 4, 1906, see here and The Argus, August 4, 1906, see here.

(4) Victoria Government Gazette, June 30, 1859, see here.  

(5) Acceptance of tender to build the lightship was published in the Victoria Government Gazette, July 17, 1860, see here.

Acceptance of W. & G. White's tender.

(6) See my Trove list, here, for reports.

(7) The Age, March 5, 1895, see here.

(8) The Herald, March 10, 1906, see here.

(9) See my Trove list, here, for reports.

(10) Williamstown Chronicle, August 4 1906, see here.

(11) Henri Galopin - inventor and instrument maker. He died March 1, 1933, aged 82. There was an account of his life in The Leader September 18, 1897, see here. He's an interesing man, I will write about him one day.

(12) The Age, August 4, 1906, see here.

(13) More information on the Loongana http://ssmaritime.com/SS-Loongana.htm from the Remembering the Classic Liners of Yesteryear website compiled by Dr Reuben Goossens.

(14) https://lighthouses.org.au/vic/point-gellibrand-pile-light/

(15)  Reports in The Age, on June 22, June 23 & June 24, 1976. Available on Newspapers.com an add-on to Ancstry. 

(16) https://maribyrnonghobsonsbay.starweekly.com.au/news/gellibrand-pile-light-finds-her-way-back-home/